Prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus DNA in HIV Positive Women in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) Lagos, Nigeria.

Introduction: HIV-infected women have a high prevalence of Human Papilloma virus (HPV) infection and are more likely to be infected with high risk genotypes with the potential of progressing to cervical cancer. There is paucity of data regarding the prevalence of sexually transmitted HPV infection among HIV positive women in Nigeria. Aims: The objective of this cross-sectional prospective study was to determine the prevalence of high risk HPV among HIV positive and negative women in LUTH, Lagos, Nigeria and to relate HPV genotypes in the study population to commercially available HPV vaccine types that would be or not be appropriate for implementation of vaccination programs in Lagos State. Place and Duration of Study: AIDS Prevention Initiative In Nigeria (APIN) clinic as well as the Gynecologic outpatient clinic of LUTH, Lagos between August 2011 and August 2012. Methodology: A combination of PCR and flow through hybridization method was used in the genotyping of HPV from samples obtained from 98 HIV positive and 97 HIV negative women. Data was analyzed using Epi info 3.5.6. Non parametric variables were compared with chi-square or Fisher exact test as appropriate. The differences in mean for parametric variables were compared using student T test. P value <0.05 were considered significant. Results: The prevalence of HPV among HIV positive women was 44.9% while the prevalence of high risk types was 37.5%. The commonest high risk types seen were types 31, 52, 53 and 35. The prevalence of HPV among the HIV negative women was 11%. The commonest high risk types seen were types 18, 16, 52 and 56. Conclusion: In view of the high prevalence and diversity of HPV genotypes among the HIV positive women, adequate screening protocols should be put in place for screening this category of women. Studies should also be carried out to determine the efficacy of existent HPV vaccines on this group of patients.

Patterns of Morbidity and Mortality amongst Motorcycle Riders and their Passengers in Benin-City Nigeria: One-year Review

Objective: To evaluate patterns of morbidity and mortality among bike riders and pillion seat passengers involved in road traffic accidents in Benin-City Nigeria between August 2003-July 2004. Methods: A total of Fifty-one bike riders and pillion seat passengers; who participated in this study were part of a larger study; involved in a road traffic accident and were brought to the accident and emergency unit of either the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) or the State Specialist Hospital between August 2002-July2003.The injured ones were examined and dead patients had an autopsy done on them. Results: A total of 51 cases of bikes riders/pillion seat passenger accidents were recorded representing 18of total accidents. 35 motorbike riders/pillion seat passengers were struck down by cars (68.6). Seven bike riders/pillion seat passengers (13.5) were struck by articulated vehicles. 7 bike riders/pillion seat passengers representing 13.5of cases were stuck by buses; 2 (3.9) pillion seat passengers fell of bikes from epilepsies and sustained secondary injuries. Males were more in number with a ratio of 2.5; 1. One hundred percent (100) or all motorcyclist and their passengers did not use helmets. Conclusion: Cars struck down most bike riders and their pillion seat passengers. Males were more than females in number. The commonest autopsy findings as cause of death was intra-cranial hemorrhage preventable by the use of crash helmets

Patterns of Morbidity and Mortality amongst Motorcycle Riders and their Passengers in Benin-City Nigeria: One-year Review

Objective: To evaluate patterns of morbidity and mortality among bike riders and pillion seat passengers involved in road traffic accidents in Benin-City Nigeria between August 2003-July 2004. Methods: A total of Fifty-one bike riders and pillion seat passengers; who participated in this study were part of a larger study; involved in a road traffic accident and were brought to the accident and emergency unit of either the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) or the State Specialist Hospital between August 2002- July 2003.The injured ones were examined and dead patients had an autopsy done on them. Results: A total of 51 cases of bikes riders/pillion seat passenger accidents were recorded representing 18of total accidents. 35 motorbike riders/pillion seat passengers were struck down by cars (68.6). Seven bike riders/pillion seat passengers (13.5) were struck by articulated vehicles. 7 bike riders/pillion seat passengers representing 13.5of cases were stuck by buses; 2 (3.9) pillion seat passengers fell of bikes from epilepsies and sustained secondary injuries. Males were more in number with a ratio of 2.5; 1. One hundred percent (100) or all motorcyclist and their passengers did not use helmets. Conclusion: Cars struck down most bike riders and their pillion seat passengers. Males were more than females in number. The commonest autopsy findings as cause of death was intra-cranial hemorrhage preventable by the use of crash helmets

Morbidity and Mortality among Road Users in Benin-City; Nigeria

Background/objective: Murray and Krug had reported that road traffic injuries are a major cause of death globally; with disproportionate number occurring in developing counties. Seventy out of 308 deaths that occurred in Benin City from August 2002-July 2003; representing 22.7of all deaths was due to road traffic injuries. Despite this observation; there is a paucity of data on road traffic morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate patterns of morbidity and mortality among drivers and passengers of cars involved in road traffic accidents in Benin-City Nigeria from August 2002-July 2003 as a base line data. Methods: Eighty-seven car drivers and passengers who were studied were part of a larger study; involved in a road traffic accident and brought to the accident and emergency units of either the University of Benin Teaching Hospital or the State Specialist Hospital between August 2002- July 2003.The injured ones were examined and dead patients had autopsy done on them. Results: Over all; out of 283 total accidents cases reviewed in the period of study 87 were car occupants representing 30.7of all accident cases; and 67 patients (23.7) sustained varying injuries; while 20 patients (7.1) died. Commercial cars were involved in majority of cases 85. Males were also more in number. Intracranial hemorrhage was the predominant cause of death. Conclusion: Occupants of cars accounted for the singular most common category of morbidity and mortality among all road users. The male to female ratio was 2.1:1. Windscreen injuries most commonly associated with facial and head injuries represented the commonest cause of morbidity and mortality. The commonest autopsy finding as cause of death was intra-cranial hemorrhage

Morbidity and Mortality among Road Users in Benin-City; Nigeria

Background/objective: Murray and Krug had reported that road traffic injuries are a major cause of death globally; with disproportionate number occurring in developing counties. Seventy out of 308 deaths that occurred in Benin City from August 2002-July 2003; representing 22.7of all deaths was due to road traffic injuries. Despite this observation; there is a paucity of data on road traffic morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate patterns of morbidity and mortality among drivers and passengers of cars involved in road traffic accidents in Benin-City Nigeria from August 2002-July 2003 as a base line data. Methods: Eighty-seven car drivers and passengers who were studied were part of a larger study; involved in a road traffic accident and brought to the accident and emergency units of either the University of Benin Teaching Hospital or the State Specialist Hospital between August 2002-July2003.The injured ones were examined and dead patients had autopsy done on them. Results: Over all; out of 283 total accidents cases reviewed in the period of study 87 were car occupants representing 30.7of all accident cases; and 67 patients (23.7) sustained varying injuries; while 20 patients (7.1) died. Commercial cars were involved in majority of cases 85. Males were also more in number. Intracranial hemorrhage was the predominant cause of death. Conclusion: Occupants of cars accounted for the singular most common category of morbidity and mortality among all road users. The male to female ratio was 2.1:1. Windscreen injuries most commonly associated with facial and head injuries represented the commonest cause of morbidity and mortality. The commonest autopsy finding as cause of death was intra-cranial hemorrhage